There are two main types of paints used today, latex and alkyd (better known as oil-based). Latex is water based, provides an excellent finish and is easier to use and clean up than oil-based paints. It also has less odor and dries quickly. This type is best used on drywall, masonry and already painted surfaces. It is best to avoid latex paints on raw wood or wallpaper.
Oil-based paints are a little more tedious to use, dry slower and require paint thinner to clean up after. However, the positives are that it goes on smoother and harder, preventing brush marks and covering surface imperfections. It is best used on wood, plywood, particleboard, hardboard, and any painted or wallpapered surface, perfect for those designing a log home plan. It is best to avoid use on bare masonry, wallboard and plaster.
In addition, a demand is growing for healthier, "green" paints and you might want to consider them as your design your prairie house floor plans or whichever style you are leaning towards. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic emissions found in traditional paints that contribute to air pollution and can harm your health. With the drive for more eco-friendly products, Natural, Low- and Zero-VOC paints have recently flooded the market. These paints can be used in the same manner as latex paints, however some precautions do exist. For example, milk-based paints should not be used in rooms with high humidity because the moisture can create a sour odor.
In addition to the varying types of paints, there are multiple finish options to choose from. Different areas of your home require different finishes to maximize coverage and durability. A flat finish, or matte, has the least sheen and tends to absorb light. Its popularity rests on its ability to hide imperfections, and is recommended for low traffic areas such as dining rooms, bedroom and living room walls, as well as ceilings. It is not advisable to use this finish for kitchens and bathrooms that have walls that need scrubbing from time to time. With a very subtle sheen, the Eggshell/Satin finish is perfect for gathering spaces such living rooms and bedrooms where a vague glow is desired. It is slightly more washable/durable than flat finishes. Semigloss is a popular choice to highlight trim and moldings in any room. It is also ideal for kitchen and bathroom walls because it is more resistant to humidity, is durable and easy to clean. Be careful to match sheens when touching up, as any slight difference will be more noticeable. Gloss is the most durable and easiest to clean, it is also the most difficult to touch up because of the differences in sheen. It is rarely used on walls because it shows imperfections, but it is a popular choice for woodwork, trim and moldings.